In 2025, global investment in the manufacture and deployment of clean electric power, transportation and industry reached a record-high $1.96 trillion, an increase of 7% from 2024 and a tripling of levels seen only seven years ago. Investment in clean technologies rose to 6% of total global fixed asset investment in 2025, nearly tripling its share since 2018.
Rhodium Group and MIT CEEPR’s Clean Investment Monitor (CIM) is a comprehensive database of actual investment across the world in:
Electric Power: The installation of clean electricity generation and storage.
Transport: The purchase of clean light, medium and heavy-duty electric vehicles.
Manufacturing: The construction or expansion of factories that manufacture solar, wind, EVs, batteries, and key critical mineral inputs.
Industry: New or expanded facilities to produce decarbonized industrial products, including clean iron & steel, cement and sustainable aviation fuel.
Investments in Manufacturing and Industry are updated on a quarterly basis. To create a historical baseline against which to assess recent clean manufacturing and industry investment developments across the world, CIM includes all quarterly investments in our covered technologies since 2018. This results in a database with over 6,340 projects located at over 2,440 facilities, worldwide as of Q3 2025. Greenfield facilities are included in our actual investment estimates only when it’s confirmed that they have broken ground, regardless of originally reported timelines.
Investment in the construction and installation of new clean energy facilities and clean vehicle purchases—what we call "deployment"—has continued to rise. Growth in the deployment of clean technologies is particularly visible in the electric power sector, with investment growing from approximately $443 billion in 2018 to roughly $948 billion in 2025, more than doubling over that period. A similar acceleration is evident in the transport sector, where deployment investment reflects the rapid uptake of electric vehicles, rising from approximately $136 billion in 2018 to roughly $860 billion in 2025, more than six-fold growth over seven years.
Global capital investments in manufacturing and industry rose steadily through mid-2023. New investments have seen a steady quarter-on-quarter decline since their peak in Q4 2023, reflecting a rebalancing of manufacturing capacity, particularly in China. In 2025, actual investment in manufacturing and industry totaled $155 billion, a 35% decline from 2024 levels and an over 40% reduction from the $266 billion peak in 2023.
The top three regional investors to date—China, the US, and Europe—all saw a reduction in investment in 2025, though China was responsible for the lion's share of the recent decline.
Despite declines in quarterly outlays in China, the US, and Europe, manufacturing and industry investment in other parts of the world was relatively flat or continued to grow. India is an emerging force in clean technology manufacturing across the board. Manufacturing and industry investments—led by solar—have risen rapidly since Made in India 2.0 was launched in 2021, reaching $11.4 billion in 2025, a 17% increase from 2024.
While still smaller than the dominant markets, a wider array of countries are steadily building out clean technology manufacturing capacity, forming a network of regional nodes across the battery, EV, solar, and critical minerals value chains, reinforcing a gradual diversification of global supply chains.
We find that on the whole, however, that China’s slowing domestic investment does not fundamentally change the geographic distribution of global manufacturing for most clean technologies. At the end of 2025, China was home to 92% of global solar cell manufacturing capacity and 74% of wind nacelle manufacturing capacity. Even with a sharp decline in China’s domestic investment in recent years, China is set to retain its share of global manufacturing capacity for solar and wind through 2030. We do see signs that of a gradual shift in batteries and EVs, where China’s share of global manufacturing capacity goes from 84% in 2025 to 71% in 2030 for batteries, and from 69% today to 56% in 2030 for EVs.
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